Agenda setting theory (Maxwell McCombs and Donald L. Shaw)

Agenda setting theory (Maxwell McCombs and Donald L. Shaw) Media influence affects the order of presentation in news reports about news events, issues in the public mind. More importance to a news-more importance attributed by audience. Media Priorities It says what people should think about and how people should think about. These are the levels of agenda setting theory: First Level: Mostly studied by researchers, media uses objects or issues to influence the people what people should think about. Second level:Media focuses on the characters of issues how people should think about. Agenda setting theory used in political ad, campaigns, business news, PR (public relation) etc. The main concept associated with the agenda setting theory is gate keeping. Gate keeping controls over the selection of content discussed in the media; Public cares mostly about the product of a media gate keeping. It is especially editors media itself is a gatekeeper. News media decides ‘what’ eve nts to admit through media ‘gates’ on ground of ‘newsworthiness’. For e. g. News Comes from various sources, editors choose what should appear and what should not that’s why they are called as gatekeepers. Priming Activity of the media in proposing the values and standards by which objects of the media attention can be judged. Media’s content will provide a lot of time and space to certain issues, making it more vivid. To say in simple words, Media is giving utmost importance to a news so that it gives people the impression that is the most important information. This is done everyday the particular news is carried as a heading or covered everyday for months.Headlines, Special news features, discussions, expert opinions are used. Media primes news by repeating the news and giving it more importance E. g. Nuclear deal. Framing Framing is a process of selective control Two Meanings 1. Way in which news content is typically shaped and contextuali zed within same frame of reference. 2. Audience adopts the frames of reference and to see the world in a similar way. It is how people attach importance to news and perceive it context within which an issue is viewed. Framing talks about how people attach importance to certain news for e. . in case of attack, defeat, win and loss, how the media frames the news such that people perceive it in a different way. We can take India and Pakistan war; same happening is framed in different ways in both the countries. So depending on which media you view your perception will differ. Criticisms of Agenda setting theory is †¢Media users not ideal, people may not pay attention to details. †¢Effect is weakened for people who have made up their mind. †¢Media can’t create problems. They can only alter the awareness, Priority etc.

Organizational Control

Organizational control is the systematic process through which managers regulate organizational activities to make them consistent with expectations established in plans, targets and standards of performance (Kuratko, 2001). These organizational expectations are a collection of goals and accountabilities represented in the budget, which help establish performance metrics, document actual performances, allow comparison between the estimated and actual performance, and allow for corrective actions (Jones-George-Hill, 2003). Measures of financial performance are those ratios against which actual performance can be meaningfully measured against the expectations of the budget. These measures are objective measures of performance, and a careful analysis of a combination of these ratios may help dis ¬tinguish between firms that will eventually fail and those that will continue to survive, sometimes as early as five years before a firm fails trouble can be detected from the value of these financial ratios (Keating). These performance ratios measure profit, liquidity, leverage and activity and the combination tell a significant story as to the overall health of an organization. Profitability ratios demonstrate the efficiency of the use of resources to generate profits from organizational inputs of materials to value added activities (Jones-George-Hill, 2003). These are Return on investment and Gross Profit Margin. ROI, or â€Å"return on investment,† measures competitive advantage because it allows managers to compare performance against other similar organizations. Although firms will differ on how that calculation is reached internally and what activities are considered profit drivers. For instance, in her 2010 book Open Leadership, Charlene Li argues that a social media campaign goes beyond marketing in that it reduces other costs by not only building affinity but can reduce other costs using Ford Motor Company and Comcast as an example (Li, 2010). Gross Profit Margin is the difference between the amount of revenue generated from the product and the resources used to produce the product. For the current quarter, Apple Computer is projecting an increase in GPM from their expectations of 36% to 37% with further expectation that will increase to 38% next quarter (Barrons, 2011). The iPad generated $4. 4-Billion in revenue last quarter with 80% of the Fortune 100 deploying the computer (Goldman, 2011). With strong business acceptance and revenue performance for a market that didn’t exist a year ago, the GPM associated ith such a product increases far more quickly. Real Networks, on the other hand, has had significant difficulty maintaining its gross profit margin indicating it either cannot control costs or that it has been forced to lower prices (Phillips, 2011). Apple has had no downward price pressure and costs have been kept under control (Hadhazy, 2010). Liquidity ratios measure the overall organizational preparedness to meet the short-term obligations of the organization. The higher the ratio, the greater the organizational ability to cover short-term debts, but a high liquidity ratio also indicates a significant proportion of assets are being used in non-productive ways (Yahoo Finance). Two common liquidity measures are the current ratio and the quick ratio. The current ratio is the difference between current assets and current liabilities and it speaks to the question of whether there are enough assets to pay claims on short-term debts without selling inventory. The ratio expression indicates how much money is available versus how much short term debt is outstanding. A ratio of 2:1 indicates $2 in assets for every $1 in debt. The Motley Fool dissects Real Networks stock performance while determining whether or not to sell the stock. One positive sign for the company is a high current ratio – 3. 13 (Phillips, 2011). However, while the company has â€Å"miniscule† debt, the company’s equity has been shrinking over the past 5-years, so a question to ask is do they have too high a current ratio, bearing in mind that represents non-productive assets? There are enough assets to pay short-term claims, but the stock performance lags the S&P by almost 2/3 – raising the question in my mind if they have too much non-performing assets on hand which need to be reevaluated. The quick ratio answers the question of whether an organization can pay claims without selling inventory. Inventory is not necessarily worth the amount represented on the books, and removing it from this calculation gives a better view of whether or not an organization has liquid assets available. If a company has too much of its liquidity tied up in inventory, it will be dependent on selling that inventory to finance its operations and will have a low quick ratio (Motley Fool). Leverage ratios measure the use of debt or equity to finance operations, with the use of debt becoming problematic if profits cannot cover the interest on the debt (Jones-George-Hill, 2003). Two common such ratios are debt-to-assets ratio and times-covered ratio. Debt to assets shows to what extent the organization is financed with debt, with a lower number being more favorable. With a low number, an organization and its investors can be more confident a company can weather difficult times. Real Networks, as discussed earlier, has a debt to equity ratio close to zero, largely because there is close to no debt – this is a company which can weather some difficult times, however while the debt remains low, the equity is decreasing as well signaling there may be some continuing difficult times (Phillips, 2011). The times-covered ratio measures the extent to which a company's can meet its current debt obligations with available net income. If the times-covered ratio declines to less than 1, then the company is unable to meet its interest costs and is technically insolvent (Jones-George-Hill, 2003). Activity ratios are a measure of an organizations utilization of resources to create value. For a company to be profitable, it must be able to manage its inventory, because it is money invested that does not earn a return. So, inventory turnover measures how well a company is moving its inventory so the assets are not carried as non-performing assets and days sales outstanding measures how quickly that inventory is converted to payment on what it owed. I worked for a small printing company which was dependent on its ability to collect on outstanding projects – age of account was an important measure of the company’s health and much effort was placed on collecting. Inventory was not an option as each job was unique to the client and was good only for that client. These measures help direct the activities of the organization and help set the goals of the organization. The indicate the health of the company, by measuring the management effectiveness in meeting the organizational goals.

Explain the relationship between performance and rewards Essay

Explain the relationship between performance and rewards - Essay Example When I was working at the sales department of Nestle Company I was offered three types of rewards: money, promotion and a vacation. Before these rewards could be offered, the goals of the department were clearly stipulated and aligned to organizational goals. Then we sat with the departmental manager to set individual goals which if achieved, reward would be given. We met periodically with the manager to review our performance and revise the goals if unachievable before performance was evaluated at the end of each year. Those of us who achieved our targets got monetary rewards and this made us to work harder for extra cash. I was also promoted from sales representative to sales manager and this motivated me to worker harder so as to climb up the ladder and achieve self-actualization. A vacation was also welcome to spend time with family away from the stress of work. This made me feel fresh on reporting back to work hence increased morale, job satisfaction and consequently improved pe rformance. If such rewards were not offered, then many employees would not go out of their way to ensure organizational goals are achieved or work beyond the expected performance. This is in line with the expectancy theory of motivation whereby employees expect to be given something in return for their extra effort (Hegar, 2012, p. 12). If they do not expect anything, the likelihood of losing morale is high. The most likely type of rewards to result in improved productivity are intrinsic rewards such as recognition, increased responsibility, challenging work, sense of accomplishment and belonging. These come from inside the person rather than from external source such as money given by a boss hence have more power to motivate (Hegar 2012). An employee is most likely to get used to external rewards hence views them as a norm thus reducing his/her motivation. For intrinsic rewards, an employee is not forced to

PHYSICAL PRIVACY Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

PHYSICAL PRIVACY - Coursework Example For our current assignment though, I am going to take one ethical issue that was embedded into that business decision and discuss it in great detail. I will do my best to discover all of the facts that I will need in order to create an informed analysis of this particular ethical issue and make some suggestions pertaining to how the ethical issue may be dealt with by the insurance company prior to it actually becoming an ethical situation that the company has to handle. For this particular assignment, I have chosen to deal with the problem of Agent Honesty when it comes to their treatment of client policies and collection agreements. In order to deal with this problem, the insurance company must first acknowledge the fact that the agents have a strong tendency to commit fraud once they have a non-exclusive partnership with the insurance company. Since they are basically freelancers, they do not answer directly to the company for any of their actions. If an insurance company uses too many independent agents, the possibility of being able to monitor all of their client based actions diminishes. Independent agents prefer having the more limited relationship that their status provides with the company as opposed to an exclusive agent who is bound by more company rules and regulations in terms of ethics. That is why in the case of independent agents, the tendency of the insurance company is to have a narrow and specific view of the agent's business actions. The company will tend to not care too much about the actions of their independent agents without realizing that the unethical actions of the independent agents will have clear ramifications for their company as well in terms of protecting their clients against fraud. It is most likely that not all independent agents are aware of the fact that they are committing fraud in certain instances due to their lack of proper manpower training in terms of insurance sales services. Therefore, it is important that the compan y reiterate the importance of honesty in all their business dealings in order to preserve the image of the company with future clients, and enhance their company image with their existing client base. Agents need to always be ethical and compliant of all government insurance standards. There is no gray area in this matter. Rogue insurance agents can cause the insurance company a sizable amount of fines and potential financial losses through fraud related lawsuits that the company will find itself facing. Considering the lack of company based supervision of independent agents, it would seem more logical for insurance companies to deal with exclusive agents instead since they can have a more personal relationship with these agents whose actions and portfolios are open and easily accessible to the company. Thus making it easier to detect ethical violations at any given time. It is of the utmost importance that insurance companies be highly observant of their independent agent's pattern s of behavior or financial transactions over a period of time. This will help the company sniff out the potential abnormalities in the actions of the agent that could signify that the agent is involved in fraudulent actions against the company clients and the company itself. This can usually be determined by observing the agent's pattern of payment submission to the insurance com

Factor effecting staff turnover in hsbc call centre(uk)and how it is Essay

Factor effecting staff turnover in hsbc call centre(uk)and how it is effected & related with job satisfaction of employee - Essay Example Furthermore, the lack of exercise and constant stress may contribute. The literature review shows a gap in recruitment and training, as well as the critical role of management and impact of globalisation on job satisfaction. The primary research approach was to use employee surveys based on components found to impact job satisfaction. This employee survey was made in triangulation with manager interviews. The results shows large inconsistencies and gaps in specific tenets of the management strategy used to motivate employees at Company A. Final recommendations seek to improve the relationship and communication between the organisation, managers, and employees with the goal to improve job satisfaction. Implementation guidelines for the recommendations include an outline of setting time specific goals.

Growth strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Growth strategies - Essay Example The product development strategy involves developing existing products or introducing new lines of products in order to increase the firm’s revenues. The market development strategy involves creating new markets for the company such as penetrating new geographical regions (Gaebler, 2010). Multinational corporations often utilize market development strategies. A diversification strategy makes sense when good opportunities can be found outside the present business (Kotler, 2003). Tenet Healthcare Corporation is a healthcare delivery system founded in 2003. It is one of the nation’s largest healthcare providers with 49 acute care hospitals in 11 states, 64 outpatient centers, 3.88 million outpatient visits (Tenethealth, 2009). The firm generated in 2009 over $9 billion in revenues. The company current has a presence in 22% of the United States region. The company recently made a strategic move to achieve growth. The growth strategy the company utilized was the market devel opment strategy. The company reached an agreement with Keystone Mercy Health Plan which covers Hahmemann University and St. Christopher Hospital for Children in Philadelphia (Tenethealth, 2011). I believe that the approach utilized by the company to achieve growth was the right decision. The firm was able to successfully penetrate the Philadelphia marketplace without investing resources.

Counseling clients Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Counseling clients - Essay Example The offenders used in this context and to which the assessment tool applies are adult offenders. The Prevention Assessment Tool or PAT has various domains that help explain the criminal behavior among adults. In the first domain, charges as well as referrals are employed to assess the possibility of re-offending by the adults. Referrals are included here if they have a qualifying disposition that may include adjudication withheld. The second domain helps to assess information. In initial assessments, behavior is assessed for the past six months. In the final assessment, behavior is assessed in the last four weeks and may incorporate a program administered for four weeks or less. The third domain focuses on employment and use of free time. It establishes what the adult offender does during his or her free time. Community service is also included in this domain and this information helps to evaluate the practicability of various programs used to correct conduct (Phipott&Grimme 2009). Incorporating this assessment tool will identify the various areas that require technical assistance. This action is possible because the tool is designed to evaluate various crime prevention needs. This tool is particularly helpful because it can access four basic sectors of justice. They include; cross-cutting issues, custodial and non-custodial measures, access to justice, as well as policing. This assessment tool is administered through paperwork. The assessment tool is, however, not designed to give an in-depth analysis of the offenders and their behaviors. The tool is meant to provide an initial assessment. This assessment is based on aspects such as crime concerns, problems and capacities, and the socio-economic situations. The tool also provides a concrete guide on issues that examine the needs for preventing crime both locally and nationally. The application of this tool also has

Customer Service Excellence. Impact of technology on Customer Service Essay

Customer Service Excellence. Impact of technology on Customer Service Excellence - Essay Example Now-a-days, the customers have a huge variety of choices for each product and the organisations have to develop specific strategies that can help them in creating a distinctive image in the market and capture the attention of its targeted customers. In order to get the customer’s attention, almost every organisation is focusing on enhancing the customer experience by developing an effective customer service excellence strategy (Khan and Matlay, 2009). With dynamic changes happening in the customer needs, the organisations have to respond proactively so that they can maintain their competitive edge in the market; the companies have to be customer-centric as the technological advancements are allowing them to lower their cost of information exchange and solve customer problems effectively (Hilgers, 2007). Such advancements in the field of business require the companies to do re-evaluation of their value propositions and focus more on developing the products and services that wil l enhance a customer’s experience. ... Whether an organisation is offering a product or service, it is important for them to focus on providing excellent and out of the box customer service. In order to create demand in the market for their products and services, most of the organisations are now developing new and innovative offerings for services and their main aim is to provide the revenue producing solutions. One of the distinctive features of top ranked companies such as Singapore Airlines, Dell, Nokia, Microsoft, Wal-Mart, Sony Corporation, Samsung, Apple and others is an appealing and differentiating service culture (Conklin, Powaga & Lipovetsky, 2004). Every customer is looking for the products and service offerings that will help them in having one to one interaction with the companies and ensure that they have the best buying and consumption experience. Importance of Customer Service Excellence According to Cook (2008), business models are an important aspect of every organisation and they determine four crucial elements that enhance performance and profitability of organisations i.e. choices of customers, costs of transactions, competition among companies and existence of heterogeneity among producers (companies) and customers. The customer service excellence is basically considered to be a challenge by organisations as they have to understand the customer’s perceptions about service excellence and then develop a culture that will meet their expectations level. The development of an effective customer service culture is difficult for organisations as every customer perceives differently about various service initiatives; for instance, helping customers in shopping is considered to be a

BUSINESS LAW ( REPORT ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

BUSINESS LAW ( REPORT ) - Essay Example Even in America itself, it is not possible for a company to function with a unique law in to different states. In other words, companies need to function with respect to the laws prevailing in the location where they operate. Separate legal personality and limited liability are two common terms associated with company law. Wiss (2010) describes separate legal personality as an incorporated company, â€Å"united or combined into an organised body† having rights and liabilities. In her opinion a company is a fictitious person who can enter into contracts, own property and even commit crimes. At the same time when a private company limited by shares, the creditors deal with the company, not with the individuals and it can be termed as a limited liability company. In such cases, if the company become bankrupt, the creditors or the investors do not get paid regardless of the personal financial capabilities of its memebrs (Wiss 2010). Separate legal personality and limited liability are two advantages of corporate status. But under certain circumstances these advantages will become invalid and this paper briefly explains such circumstances in which separate legal personality and limited liability will b ecome invalid. It is not possible for a company to take undue advantages in the name of limited liability or separate legal personality. Corporate law has mainly identified seven instances in which the corporate veil (law that protect the members or founders of a company in case a problem arises) can be lifted; fraud, agency, trust, group enterprise, tort enemy character, tax (Sadhu, n. d) Richard Wachman (2005) has mentioned that fraud is costing British business  £72 billion a year, 6% of the annual revenue of British businesses (Wachman, 2005). The recent corporate scandals involving Enron, WorldCom, Parmalat and Refco, have not taught any lessons to the authorities or the investors. Fraud can attain many forms; some companies may overstate their profits, some

Aquina Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Aquina Paper - Essay Example They are still important despite the overlapping with the other truths because it is vital that aside from philosophical science developed by human reason, there must be â€Å"theology† learned through divine revelation (Pojman & Vaughn 52-54). There are no justifications why such knowledge that could be learned through philosophical science, so long as it can be learned through natural reason, could not be learned through sacred science or theology either. Aquinas then explained that there are two forms of science, natural science and higher science. Sacred Doctrine is a science because it progresses from norms coming from higher science, specifically the science of God. He used the example of a musician who trusts in the teachings of a mathematician by reason of authority; the same can be said of sacred science, which is founded on knowledge from God’s revelation. He further argues that Sacred Doctrine is the noblest of sciences because it focuses on the noblest subject matter, which is God, and it offers the most graciously gratifying certainty because it expresses God’s authority. Also, Sacred Doctrine directs us to the noblest objective, which is toward eternal happiness with God. Sacred Doctrine is knowledge, which offers us the most profound and meaningful wisdom of our unending worth and guides us toward its attainment. These premises lead to a single conclusion-- therefore, an unmoved First Mover is real and existent. Whether these premises are valid, invalid, or sound require further examination. Validity is the value of being accurately, empirically, and concretely logical or justifiable; invalidity refers to a lack of factual reliability; soundness refers to the validity of the premises and conclusion. Through the Argument from Change, Aquinas illustrates that human reason has a role in Sacred doctrine not to verify or attest to the knowledge based on faith, but to shed light on â€Å"other things that are put forward in this doctrine†

The Human Body - Data Made Flesh Essay Example for Free

The Human Body Data Made Flesh Essay The title of this essay derives from the words uttered by the protagonist, Henry Case, in William Gibson’s novel ‘Neuromancer’ (1984). This metaphor, which equates the human body as mere data turned into flesh encompasses the theory that in an age of increasing focus on information technologies and the ways in which people interface with them, the boundary distinguishing an individual from their surroundings becomes blurred, if not shattered entirely. As University of Chicago’s William Fulton attests, we exist simply as information systems that happen to inhabit the material instantiation of our bodies, (Theories of Media, 2007). However, one cannot enter discussion about the above topic without first alluding to the particular school of thought which harbours critical theory of this ilk. Exponents of this style of dictum would usually come under the banner of ‘Posthumanists’. The term itself, ‘Posthumanism’, is steeped in hyperbole in that it carries with it an ominous sense of foreboding in contemporary culture, where there is a strong case for the premise that society is becoming less ‘human’, as we retreat behind the veil of technology. To draw upon the direct translation of ‘post’ as ‘after’ would infer the meaning, ‘after-human’ which in some respects gives us a clearer understanding of the concept, as it tends to deal with the modern development of the integration of technology and biology and the human body. It is basically a notion that we, as humans are becoming increasingly embedded in technology and the technological environment that, in a sense, the paradigm of the ‘natural’ human being has shifted in meaning. Juxtaposed with this is the idea that as humans are more and more subsumed in technology, technology is becoming more and more human with advances in science and Artificial Intelligence (AI). Fukuyama advanced the concept of Posthumanism as a negative case: that of ‘anti-humanism’ or absence of humanism. He bemoans the transgression of â€Å"crucial moral boundaries† that have eroded the ethical distinctions between therapy and technological enhancement (Our Posthuman Future 2002). Gordijn Chadwick describe a posthuman as a being that has at least one posthuman capacity i.  e. a general central capacity greatly exceeding the maximum attainable by any current human being without recourse to new technological means (Why I Want to be a Posthuman when I Grow Up, 2006). Mc Luhan did not use the exact word but he predicted a future that dovetails succinctly with posthuman theories surrounding ‘cybernetics’ when he foretells a society whereby to paraphrase Hayles’ theory of ‘reflexivity’ (1999) that which has been used to generate a system is made to become part of the system it generates. McLuhan alluded to the ‘cybernetic’ possibility of human beings interfacing and entangling with machines on a neurological and functional level. Just as binoculars are an extension of the eye and clothes are an extension of the skin, then information technologies become McLuhans extension of the mind. In this respect, the term ‘post-humanism’ has only really worked itself into contemporary critical discourse in the humanities and social sciences since the mid 1990s, over a decade after Mc Luhan’s death. However, it may be traced back to the Macy conferences on cybernetics from 1946 to 1953 and the invention of systems theory (What is Posthumanism? , Wolfe, 2010). At these conferences they converged on a new theoretical model for biological, mechanical and communicational processes that removed the human and Homo sapiens from any particular privileged position in relation to matters of meaning, information and cognition. The term ‘cybernetics’ had been coined by Wiener in the 1940s to denote â€Å"the entire field of control and communication theory, whether in the machine or in the animal.† Even at this early stage of technology there was a definitive study underway into the correlation of information between machines and living creatures. In the 1960s this theory was modified into the concept of ‘reflexivity’ alluded to above. Systems re-entangle with themselves, and become referential to themselves blurring the traditionally accepted borders imposed on the world between subject and object, object and environment, or in other words between the organic and the natural and the technological and the cultural, a principal tenet of modern posthumanist thought. In current popular use, Fulton describes cybernetics as most often associated specifically with the development of artificial intelligence, virtual technology and cyberspace. He attests, â€Å"cybernetics in the context of technology is only a limited part of a greater whole, which deals with the study of information systems and the media in which they exist, both inorganic and organic. † Further and further extension of the idea leads to a model of the world in which media serve as a series of â€Å"irrelevant substrates† through which pure information freely flows. This situation ties in with many of Mc Luhan’s ideas about media in society but most especially with his ideas about the extension of the mind, extending human beings’ central nervous systems into electromagnetic technology, a topic, I will consider later in the essay. There is much critical opinion to support Gibson’s notion of humans as information systems just like a machine or computer. Clark (Natural-born Cyborgs, 2001) believes that it is by virtue of our intrinsic ability to merge with external resources to perform even the most rudimentary of calculations that we are designed to walk hand in hand with technology in a posthuman future. He offers the example of how we utilise pen and paper to work out moderately complex mathematics, storing the immediate results outside the brain and then repeating the pattern until the larger problem is solved. â€Å"It is because our brains, more than any other animal on the planet, are primed to seek and consummate such intimate relations with non-biological resources that we end up†¦ capable of abstract thought. †¦we are natural-born cyborgs forever ready to merge our mental activities with operations of pen and paper and electronics†¦. † (Clark, Natural-born Cyborgs, 2001) Wiener asserted that we have to become technophiles to operate in a technological world (1954). He noted that because we have modified our environments so radically it is now necessary to modify ourselves in order to exist in this new environment. Furthermore, he equated the now routine breakdown and repair of the human body with that of replacing a faulty part in a machine. With contemporary advances in technology allowing us to alter or perfect many undesirable parts or areas of our bodies with a specifically manufactured replacement it begs the questions, what does it mean to be human and what does it mean to be a machine in the 21st century? â€Å"If corneal implants are part of us, why not contact lenses? If contacts, why not eyeglasses? If eyeglasses, why not automated telescope? If a telescope, why not the computer interfaced with it? (Hayles, Designs on the Body: Norbert Wiener, Cybernetics and the Play of Metaphor, History of Human Sciences, Vol, 3 No 2) Mc Luhan’s adjunct to this concept is: if a telescope can be the extension of the eye, then information technologies can become extensions of the mind. He stated that after extending or translating â€Å"our central nervous system into the electromagnetic technology, it is but a further stage to transfer our consciousness to the computer world as well.† The Internet clearly serves as the next step in this process of extension. By connecting all computers as part of a pervasive, global network of information, man is not only able to extend his nervous system to interface with technology, but is able to use that mediation to directly connect with the nervous systems of other human beings, also tapped into the network. Present day studies are also showing human’s capacities to monitor their bodies in the same way that one might monitor a car for potential faults. With one report (The Quantified Self: Counting Every Moment, 2012 ) attesting that more people are using smartphone and tablet applications to monitor their health in an effort to sustain a healthy life-style but also, in many instances, as a substitute for the much more expensive trip to the doctor. As populations age and health-care costs increase, there is likely to be a greater emphasis on monitoring, prevention and maintaining â€Å"wellness† in future, with patients taking a more active role an approach sometimes called â€Å"Health 2.0† (The Quantified Self: Counting Every Moment, 2012 ). Allied to this is the plethora of people who are undergoing voluntary surgical procedures in order to modify particular parts of their body for a number of different reasons, in the same way someone might change the wheels on their car or update the driver in their personal computer. Converse to the problem of humans becoming more like machines is the question also raised of machines becoming more like humans. If human identity has been reduced to an information system that happens to inhabit the body as medium, whats to say that another information system inhabiting a computer, or the Internet, couldnt be perceived as being equally as â€Å"human? † In a recent article (Mind vs. Machine, The Atlantic, 2011) Brian Christian describes an annual contest between the world’s most advanced artificial-intelligence programs and ordinary people. The contest, known as the Turing Test(, endeavours to find out whether a computer can act â€Å"more human† than a person and Christian discovers that the march of technology is not just changing how we live, it is raising new questions about what it means to be human. He realises that convincing the judges that you are human â€Å"is about more than simply showing up [and being yourself]†. It is something that has to be â€Å"worked at. † This notion has certain resonance for society as a whole. With this in mind, I recall a report (Makwana Irwin-Brown, We’re the Kids in Austerity, 2012) I came across some months ago which stated that 57% of 7-15 year olds in the UK find it easier to talk with friends online than in person, 56% find it easier to talk by SMS than in person. These figures represented for me a sea change in the emphasis on ‘natural’ human interaction, and in what it means to be a ‘natural’ human in today’s society. Perhaps, we are envisaging a new beginning for society one where children feel more comfortable interacting with technology than they do with their fellow human beings. To understand why our human sense of self is inextricably linked with computers, it’s important to realise that computers used to be human. From the mid-18th century onward, computers, many of them women, were on the payrolls of corporations, engineering firms, and universities, performing calculations and numerical analysis. In the mid-20th century, as the ‘digital computer’ developed, it was said to be â€Å"like a computer. † In the 21st century, it is the human mathematical whiz who is â€Å"like a computer† (Christian, Mind vs. Machine, The Atlantic, 2011 ). In a strange but significant turn of events, humans are said to be â€Å"like† something that used to be â€Å"like† us. By this reasoning, one could assume that the modern-day computer is so-called because it is intended to carry out any operations which could be done by a human computer. During the same period that gave rise to the human computer, there too, was much debate amongst philosophers surrounding the idea of what it was to be human. French philosopher Julian Offray de la Mettire (1747) suggested that human beings are only complex animal-machines. This suggestion was, in no doubt, inspired by Descartes uttering in the 16th century that the body was essentially like a machine, pointing out that the only thing not reducible to mechanism is the human mind. Furthermore, the notion of man as a machine or machine-like was something that resonated during the Industrial revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries. Ferguson describes the perception of the plight of the factory worker in these times: â€Å"Many mechanical acts require no intellectual capacity. They succeed best under a total suppression of sentiment and reason†¦..  Manufacturers, accordingly, prosper most where the mind is least consulted, and where the workshop may, without any great effort of the imagination, be considered an engine, the parts of which are men. † (Ferguson, An Essay on History of Civil Society, 1767) The question of human identity being reduced to an information system that happens to inhabit the body as medium has been a driving force for the study of artificial intelligence, and has manifested repeatedly. As Christian puts it some people imagine the future of artificial intelligence as a kind of heaven: â€Å"Rallying behind an idea called â€Å"The Singularity,† people like Ray Kurzweil (in The Singularity Is Near) and his cohort of believers envision a moment when we make smarter-than-us machines, which make machines smarter than themselves, and so on, and the whole thing accelerates exponentially toward a massive ultra-intelligence that we can barely fathom. † Such a time will arrive in which humans can upload their consciousness onto the Internet and get assumed—if not bodily, than at least mentally—into an eternal, imperishable afterlife in the world of electricity (Christian, Mind vs. Machine, The Atlantic, 2011 ). Others imagine the future of computing as a kind of hell, an almost Terminator style apocalypse. Machines black out the sun, level our cities and enable an atmosphere that destroys all living things. There is no doubt that technology has become an integral part of human lives and will only become increasingly so. We have already made the first step into the realm of the posthuman or the cyborg, common examples include the athlete Oscar Pistorious who has prosthetic blades for legs, anyone who has undergone a sex change, or anyone who has modified their bodies with artificial implants for cosmetic reasons. I do not believe there is any going back but I feel technology and humans certainly have the capacity to complement each other and work side by side as we look to the future. It remains to be seen if this synergy will come to pass but there certainly is the capacity for it. And as the human race faces up to some of the toughest questions that have been put to us heretofore I would cautiously back us to prevail To paraphrase Wiener, humans can continue to modify themselves to keep up with the modifications of the environment they find themselves in.

Team Leadership and Resolving Conflict Essay Example for Free

Team Leadership and Resolving Conflict Essay In this paper I will summarize the main points in the unit. The main points in the unit are the five major leadership perspectives, power and influence, and resolving conflict. I will review the key points by using cited passages from the assigned reading and selections from the unit three course room. I will also summarize course room discussion postings relevant to my central topics. In unit three McShane and Von Glinow (2010) discuss the five major leadership perspectives and list them as Competency, Behavioral, Contingency, Transformational, and Implicit (p. 378). There are a variety of ways to lead and different leaders may see fit to guide in various ways depending on the situation. Leaders must learn how to lead and what perspective to take in critical situations to achieve success. McShane and Von Glinow (2010) says, â€Å"Leadership is defined as the ability to influence, motivate, and enable others to contribute towards the effectiveness and success of the organization of which they are members† (p. 378). The Competency Leadership Perspective names the distinctive qualities an efficient leader will likely have. McShane and Von Glinow (2010) identifies personality, self concept, integrity, drive, leadership motivation, knowledge of business, cognitive and practical intelligence, and emotional intelligence as valuable leadership traits (p. 362). Based on my professional work experience every good or successful leader I have encountered possessed almost every trait above. The Behavioral Perspective seems to focus on the correlation between behaviors exercised and successful leaders. Leaders who seem to be task and people oriented tend to do better in the world of leadership. McShane and Von Glinow (2010) says, â€Å"†¦job dissatisfaction are higher among employees who work with supervisors with very low levels of people-oriented leadership† (p. 365). Employee’s who feel their supervisors or managers don’t provide clear tasks and show the effort to express unders tanding for their needs will not bode well for that leaders success. The Contingency Leadership Perspective is centered around the idea that each individual situation warrants a unique combination of leadership tactics. McShane and Von Glinow (2010) says, â€Å"The contingency perspective of leadership is based on the idea that the most appropriate leadership style depends on the situation (p. 365). The Transformational Leadership Perspective basically is about the leader building a mutual vision and demonstrating the way it should be done at all times. Leading by example is key to gaining the necessary influences needed to enable followers. If a leader effectively shows their followers they are committed by walking the walk it helps in building the necessary connection needed between leader and follower. The Implicit Leadership Perspective is based on fixed ideas of what a successful leader should be. McShane and Vin Glinow (2010) says, â€Å"We are more willing to allow someone to influence us as a leader if that person looks and acts like our pro totype of a leader† (p. 375). McShane and Von Glinow (2010) describe power as â€Å"the capacity of a person, team, or organization to influence others† (p. 300). McShane and Von Glinow (2010) discusses the ways power is gained and through what method which are referent, expert, coercive, reward and legitimate (p. 301). I have encountered every type of power listed above. Based on my past experiences I prefer to use and be managed by referent power. Referent of power allows those in leadership roles to be approachable and allows them to relate to their subordinates which creates a feeling of trust and respect. Once this level of respect is established it will be easier for the leader to use more aggressive types of power methods if need be. For example, I had a supervisor in a previous position that was able to identify on every level with all of his employee’s. His communication skills were excellent so this allowed him to gain the trust and respect of his workers. McShane and Von Glinow (2010) says, â€Å"people have referent power when others identify with them, like them, or otherwise respect them† (p.303). McShane and Von Glinow (2010) describes influence as â€Å"†¦behavior that attempts to alter one’s attitude or behavior† (p. 309). Knowing how to effectively influence others is key to becoming a successful leader. The influences tactics discussed in our course text are silent authority, information control, assertiveness, coalition formation, upward appeal, persuasion, impression management and ingratiation. Recognizing what combination of power and or influence you need to use in a specific situation is essential to becoming a successful leader. Resolving conflict in the work place can be very difficult to achieve if the right approach isn’t taken by management and employees. Broome, DeTurk, Kristjansdottir, Kanata, and Ganesan (2002) says, â€Å"Differences in perspectives, frames of reference, values, norms, and communication styles are often aggravated by stereotypes, prejudices, and misunderstandings, so that decision-making, problem solving and conflict management become extremely complex† (p. 240). Interactive Management is a process that helps diffuse potentially explosive conflict issues and allows for a productive resolution for both parties involved in the conflict. This process involves all parties to first identify the problem, second establish a course of action moving forward, and third build an effective plan that will be successful. With this type of approach to conflict it allows for communication to stay open and gives the conflict a fair chance to be resolved. Broome, DeTurk, Kristjansdottir, Kanata, and Ganesan (2002) says, â€Å"Devoting time to bring together informed individuals with interest in an issue, and to carefully examine its source, can prevent the waste of time, effort, and other resources that would otherwise be devoted to pursuing ineffective solutions or fighting unnecessary battles† (p. 261). In unit three course room discussions Ray 12/9/11 talked about the importance of the Transformational leader’s perspective; building a mutual vision and showing their commitment to get that goal accomplished. McShane and Von Glinow (2010) says this about the Transformational perspective, â€Å"†¦agents of change who create, communicate, and model a shared vision for the team and inspire followers† (p. 371). I also feel that it is essential for a leader to get complete support from their followers to ensure a positive outcome. Once a leader has everyone on board with the vision, they are able to start building trust which will help establish a concrete foundation for success. Nakia 12/7/11 also had this to add, â€Å"In my opinion transformational leaders are the most inspiring leaders. They can take over a horrible company and change the entire culture of the organization†. In conclusion I have summarized the main points in unit three. These points were the five major Leadership Perspectives, power and influence, and resolving conflict. Leaders who understand how to use the right combination of proper perspectives, power and influence will be the most successful leaders. Additionally, successful leaders must know how to resolve conflict effectively. References Benjamin, Broome, J., DeTurk, S., Kristjansdottir, E. S., Kanata, T., Ganesan, P. (2002). Giving voice to diversity: An interactive approach to conflict management and decision- making in culturally diverse work environments. Journal of Business and Management, 8(3), 239-264. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/211509295?accountid=27965 McShane, S.L., Von Glinow, M.A. (2010). Organizational Behavior (5th Ed.). New York: McGraw- Hill/Irwin.

Importance of Communication in Human Resources

Importance of Communication in Human Resources Critically analyse the importance of effective communication skills in relation to the practice of Human Resource Management. In a workplace increasingly swirling with change, where the people part of the equation is increasingly critical to organizational success, getting communication right could be the defining factor in gaining competitive advantage. The importance of human capital: the idea that people are increasingly the only asset that differentiates one organization from another; puts human resource management (HRM) squarely at the forefront of the rapid change toward an information based economy. People need to know what’s in it for them and HR program components hold the answers. The best designed benefits package or most elegant compensation design will fail if no one fully understands and appreciates it. Thus, no other function could benefit from effective communication skills more than human resources. Broadly speaking, effective communication is â€Å"leader-driven and attempts to help people understand the market forces that shape the actions and strategy of the business.† (D’Aprix, 1996) This means that communication planning should incorporate how to drive employee behaviour to fulfil business outcomes, not simply the tactics and channels used to disperse information to a workforce. The result for business, and hence HRM, has been the challenge of getting the right people in the right place doing the right work in the right way. It may sound simple but is complicated by the simultaneous demographic changes challenging the working world. The population is aging with more employees wanting to stay put for longer at one end of the spectrum, while at the other end younger workers are moving more often. However, 75 percent of the jobs available are in the information, technology and service sectors, areas which traditionally skew toward younger applicants. Amid this ch ange, HR and other managers are faced with rallying their people around a set of common goals aimed at winning in the marketplace, and building such affiliation by negotiation among various employee groups is no easy task. Indeed, effective negotiation skills involve not only getting your message across to another person, but learning how to read what the other person is saying to you. This means not only listening to other people’s words, but also learning to interpret their body language. It also means learning to communicate without pre-empting other people or making them defensive. (Griffin, 1998) Studies on audiences’ reactions to speeches show that a speaker’s persuasive powers come from not just what is said but the way the speaker looks and sounds. Since the nonverbal cues you project are as powerful as the verbal ones, first, determine what it is you want the person you’re communicating with to do, then select an appropriate combination of words and body language to convey your message in order to communicate effectively and influence them in negotiations. The ultimate goal is to include others in the communication process without coming across as threatening, in or der to minimise conflict and stress, which are both increasingly critical problems in the modern workplace (Sanchez and Dempsey, 2002) Management style is the key to effective communication skills, and thus managers need to establish a style that makes them feel comfortable, in order to avoid stress for both themselves and their staff. For example, some managers may be comfortable getting personal with employees; while others may not and thus should not. Whatever style managers do adopt, in order to be effective they must be sure to use it consistently with all employees, as the biggest source of anxiety for both managers and employees is unclear or inconsistent instructions (Griffin, 1998). Also, to improve the handling of discipline and grievances, managers should be accessible and available when employees seek them out, to avoid grievances or problems escalating. To handle and prevent grievances, managers should be generous with as much positive feedback as possible, and include helpful criticism which focuses on the results of employees’ work. Listening to complaints without being defensive, and sympathiz ing with people so that they know they’re getting through, are also critical skills for handling grievances, which can otherwise spread and harm morale and productivity (HR Briefing, 2000). However, whilst conflict is often viewed as a problem to be avoided, conflict is also an opportunity to improve communications, build teamwork and relationships, and learn about the wants and needs of others. When conflicts arise, they don’t have to be immediately resolved, and often an attempt to do so results in cutting off communication. Indeed, in most instances it’s better for HR managers to act on conflict when they have more information, instead of approaching the problem at a time when tempers are likely to flare. Even in situations where a serious confrontation is unavoidable, and could result in a resignation or serious industrial unrest, managers can ease the tension by making sure to give themselves time to carefully formulate a response. In conclusion, the key to a beneficial HR and internal communication relationship is cooperation and mutual respect instead of competition, conflict, or worse, indifference. Communication cannot be an afterthought relegated to the bottom level of HRM considerations, and restricted to writing e-mails and conducting formal appraisals By recognising the importance of effective communication, HRM can deliver more effective services and ensure accomplishment of its people mission with communication being the critical success factor. In contrast, if HRM fails to develop its communication skills to a truly effective level it risks failing to fulfil its mission of developing, retaining and rewarding the talent necessary for a business to succeed. In extreme examples, ineffective communication can even create problems itself, especially in times of change or uncertainty, when clear, consistent communication is vital to maintaining employee and managerial morale and productivity. References D’Aprix, R. (1996) Communicating for Change: Connecting the Workplace With the Marketplace. Jossey-Bass. Griffin, J. (1998) How To Say It At Work. Prentice Hall Direct. HR Briefing (2000) Wrong words and moves create conflict. Aspen; 1st July 2000, p. 7. Sanchez, P. and Dempsey, T. (2002) Communication the critical success factor. Strategic HR Review; Vol. 2, Issue 1, p. 24

Analysis of a Business Problem Essay -- Business Management

Nature of the Problem: The purpose of this paper is to briefly analyze why burrs and rough spots suddenly started to appear on quarter panel parts at an automotive company. Three out of four production lines at an automotive plant facility experienced defects of manufactured panel parts. Also, an analysis of how the panel problem is related to organizational sub-culture, organizational politics and job stress. Although there are several implications of various issues related to organizational culture, organizational politics and job stress is important because it determines how human capital within an organization will demonstrate the capacity to cope with working for the organization, thus determining the success of the organization. â€Å"To illustrate, studies have shown that job stress results from the interaction of the worker and the conditions of the workplace, i.e., the culture (Vigoda, 2002).† â€Å"Likewise, there are studies conducted that found organizational politics to have an advers e effect on psychological issues such as job stress (Ferris, Russ, & Fandt,1989).† Therefore, an organizations most valued asset is its employees. Analysis and Evaluation: In an effort to address the burred and rough spots found by Quality Control on several defective panels, upper management uncovered several poor managerial decisions and employee relations issues. In order to stay competitive within the automotive industry, the company must make some major decisions. A decision to support one of their line supervisors’ decisions of disciplining an employee could cause a potential strike. Although, a decision of not supporting their line supervisor could potentially avoid a strike and paint a positive image in the company. In essence, m... ...d to evaluate this issue. My analysis did not include the new alloy of the material change in the Zenith sheets for this information was not discovered until careful analyzing of the issue by the management team in part two. The management team discovered that there had been a material change in the Zenith sheets which was the root cause of their problem. As stated by the author, this was a very puzzling situation. Works Cited Ferris, G.R., Russ, G.S., and Fandt, P.M. (1989), Politics in organizations. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Robbins, S., and Judge, T. (2008), Organizational behavior. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Vigoda, E. (2002), Stress-related aftermaths to workplace politics: the relationships among politics, job distress, and aggressive behavior in organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23: 571–591. doi: 10.1002/job.160.

Essay --

In the late 1980s, the United States faced the first ever possible threat of creating invincible guns; an Austrian was intercepted in the airport carrying a fabricated Glock (type of handgun). The fabricated Glock is composed of strengthen plastic that was meant to defy airport metal detector. In result congress passed the undetectable gun ban. Although, the federal aviation administration concluded that the Glock wasn’t deemed such a threat at moment it was inevitable that we may face it again in the future. Today, on the twentieth century on May 10 2013 a student Cody Wilson was able to create an undetectable gun through the use of 3D printers, the Gun composed of variety of devices out of thousands of compressed plastics. It was reviewed and concluded operational; the firearm enthusiast student at age 25 was able to create a handgun model known as the Liberator that fires eight rounds. In a couple of months Cody Wilson was able to build not only handguns but as well as high powered rifles such as the semi-automatic AR-15 from a 3D printer as well and possessed the same qualities as the liberator. Ironically, the AR-15 was the same weapon used in the Sandy hook shooting in Connecticut. Although no source can be found in the internet that the weapon had a connection with the enthusiasts creation, it is inevitable that 3D printing was expected to come about. It was first introduce for entertainment purpose with the use of the television but it was not expected to be used to create weapons. Like any other innovation there will always be pros and cons, the positive and negative in Cody Wilsons case, he has brought in our nation an opportunity for evolution towards the way weapons are created. A technology that may strengthen our ar... ...eate an interruption to this policies, as of now a current bill is in process of banning magazines that can hold more than 10 rounds, a New York times journalist suggest with the progression of technology, in the next ten years the average household will no longer be for anything that can be manufactured through their 3D printer, which makes the possibilities limitless. In conclusion, the 3D printing can be compared to a double edge sword, depending on to whom the technology falls on, will determine the future. Though, it is convincing that such technology in the market will only take time before it falls to the wrong hands. Nonetheless, appropriate laws and guidelines are must in order to prevent such catastrophic event. As much as this technology may possess a threat to everyone, I am convinced that the 3D printing technology will lead humanity in a bright future.

Your Organ Donor Status Matters Essay -- Argumentative, Persuasive Ess

"I think you should automatically donate your organs because that would turn the balance of organ donation in a huge way. I would donate whatever anybody would take..." -- George Clooney According to the Organ Procurement and Transportation Network, a branch of The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, there are over 134,000 people awaiting the lifesaving gift of an organ in the United States. At sixteen, all I could think about was getting my license and finally gaining my independence. The night before going to the DMV my mom helped me file the paperwork, shocked that her little girl was going to be behind the wheel. When she came to the question of becoming a registered organ donor, I quickly responded â€Å"No! I do not want my organs in someone else’s body after I’m dead! I want to be buried whole and complete!† After a brief discussion, in which my mom tried to explain what being a registered donor entailed, I still held my ground on NOT becoming a donor. I had no idea then the impact the system as a whole would have on my life. At sixteen, when I made my decision not to become a registered donor, there were many things I did not know about donation and the donation system as a whole. Many misconceptions of donation were at that forefront of my mind, as they are the first things many people think of when they think on donation. The biggest and most popular reason to not become a donor is a strong mistrust in doctors and the entire medical system. Tiffanie Wen, a freelance writer who has written articles on the topic of organ donation, recently wrote in The Atlantic, â€Å"Quick [an associate professor of communication at the University of Illinois] and his colleagues have studied how watching Grey’s Anatomy ca... ...n the Default Choice or Allocation Rule." Journal of Health Economics. 32.6 (2013): 1117-29. Print. Millman, Jason. "One Way to Boost Organ Donations: Just Keep Asking." Washington Post. The Washington Post, 18 Aug. 2014. Web. 10 Feb. 2015. Parker-Pope, Tara. "The Reluctant Organ Donor." Well: New York Times. The New York Times, 16 Apr. 2009. Web. 10 Feb. 2015. Richards, Janet Radcliffe. "Opting in and Out: A Methodological Case Study." The Ethics of Transplants: Why Careless Thought Costs Lives. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2012. 7+. Print. Teresi, Dick. "What You Lose When You Sign That Donor Card." WSJ. Wall Street Journal, 4 Apr. 2012. Web. 11 Feb. 2015. Wen, Tiffanie. "Why Don't More People Want to Donate Their Organs?" The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, 10 Nov. 2014. Web. 10 Feb. 2015.

Theory Paper

The social integration theory takes a look in to how relationships go from very basic and shallow to intimate strong relationships. I can relate to this theory in both my personal and professional life. In my current relationship with my wife we were at a point where our relationship was very shallow and TLD really mean anything. We hung out with each other and had fun with other but nothing was serious about It at all. As time went on and we learned more about each other we also grew to Like each other and wanted to spend more time with each other.The relationship was leaving he basic shallow phase to a more intimate phase. We began to spend time with each other exclusively without the company of others. This allowed out relationship to grow even deeper and more intimate. As we began to see each other exclusively we started to see our relationship grow and decided to make it official by getting married after three years of dating each other. I feel this theory played out well in my relationship with my wife and if very close of the description of the theory.In all relationships there is always room from improvement whether it is small improvements or large Improvements. There are ways In which I and in some cases where my wife feel as If some portions of the relationship moved forward without full use of the social penetration theory. The relationship continued to move towards Intimate levels without the really getting to know each other any better and some things we should have known about each other before marriage. In the future I will continue to get to know my wife the best way I know how to as we grow in our relationship together.On the other side I started a job with a company and had no intentions of staying with the company because it wasn't providing anything I needs as far as my goals for my career. As I worked the Job and continued to look for employment that was closer to my career goals. I purposely chose not to get to know my coworkers and did j ust the minimum of work Just to get by until I could find something better. As time went on I began to get to know my coworkers a little better and found out that they had interesting thing to say and I was able to learn a lot from them.A lot of my co workers are Hispanic and I am able to learn a lot about the efferent cultures and ways of life. I also have learned that the Job does have benefits that It can offer me by offering me bonuses based on our performance on the job that is relatively easy. Know I have a good relationship with my co workers The relationship with my Job could have been more effective is I would have went in to the Job with the intentions if doing my best and I would have been able to reap the benefits of the bonus early on and probably would have earned a higher position a lot earlier.I also would have gone in to the Job with a better attitude towards getting to know my coworkers. This could have built better relationships with my coworkers and could have me t some really good friends. The social penetration theory is very alive in my personal and professional life. With the Communication Privacy Management theory, it focuses on when and how people choose to reveal personal and private information about themselves to others. This theory is one that a of people use in their daily lives when meeting new people.I also use this theory as well when inviting someone new into my life or with someone I may already know deciding whether to trust them with additional information about myself. Whenever we meet someone new we may either be eager to get to know them or sometimes may be a little cautious about the person and want to take things slow and build up trust towards them. When we are eager to get to know someone we may reveal more about ourselves a lot quicker than we would in a normal situation.When we are more cautious we want to reveal as little about ourselves as possible in an effort to protect ourselves from someone we do not know. Th is is more common among people who may have been hurt or scared by someone they revealed information to too quickly. As we get to know the person more and more we tend to let them closer and trust them a little more which can result in offering them more information about ourselves. There are situations where we offer information to people we may not want to or people we do not know.This is often done when being questions for something such as a Job or by police. But for the most part people hold back their personal information until they feel more conformable offering it up to others. This theory also can relate to my currently employer as well. As mentioned with the revises theory I started this Job Just as filler and had no intentions of staying there because it didn't meet my career goals. I planned on keeping this information to myself and when I found a Job to meet my needs I would Just quit and start the new job with a career in mind.As I worked the Job more and more I was ab le to learn about other employees planning to leave the Job for another Job for several other reasons. At first I still didn't want to reveal my intentions to others because I didn't word spreading that I wanted to leave because the Job didn't have a lot of employees ND would be a process to replace me. I also was worried about them knowing and getting the process started in replacing me and get fired from the Job before I can find another. One day I was having a bad day because of a disagreement with my wife before work.When I went in to work I had a one on one with my manager who I began to feel more and more comfortable with. In this one on one she asked me what my plans were as far as growing with the company. I revealed to her that I had no plans and I was actually currently looking for employment with other companies that were more closely related to my career goals. I could have done this better by introducing the information about my desire to find employment with a company that was more catered to my career goals and possibly see if there is a position that he current company offers to allow me to grow to the position.Organizational Culture companies that hire new people they introduce them to the culture of the company in an effort to show them how things are done and who is important to the company and why. Companies also would like to show them how and why they do things within the company. All of this is true for the company I currently work for. Most line level employees can agree that they are told they are the most important people in the company and they are the meat and potatoes and are the ones that keep the company going.When these employees look at their paychecks they do not see how they are so important. Companies tend to use motivational talk to encourage employees to do their best rather than increase pay. They feel that if they make them feel important then they will try their best and be on board with the company core values and cult ure. In reality people who hold these positions have a completely efferent view as to how to feel important.At my current Job the same story I told to us stating that we are the most important people in the company but we are the lowest paid and most worked with greater expectations. In this situation a lot of employees feel used and feel as if they are being taken advantage of because they are told one thing but in reality thing are different. This creates a culture of employees that do not feel the same as the companies think they do or would like them to feel. This creates a culture inside of the culture that the company created which is in a way a culture of the employees.This is evident with a lot of companies now that have employees demanding better pay for the work that they do working for companies that may billions of dollars in months but pay their employees minimum wages. With all companies there will always be cultures inside of the company culture whether it is from val ues to religion or race; there will always be something to create smaller groups of people with similar goals, views, and values. In conclusion, the theories of communication offer us a deeper looking to the inner workings of immunization.With the inside look in to communication we have a better opportunities to communicate with those in our personal lives as well as with those in our professional lives. In all that can make us at all around better person to those we have relationships with as they grow and become more intimate relationships whether it is romantic or platonic. We also learn how we can choose to communicate certain nothings and choose when the best time is and place to do so bases on our feelings. Finally we can see how communication can affect organizations and cultures. Theory Paper The social integration theory takes a look in to how relationships go from very basic and shallow to intimate strong relationships. I can relate to this theory in both my personal and professional life. In my current relationship with my wife we were at a point where our relationship was very shallow and TLD really mean anything. We hung out with each other and had fun with other but nothing was serious about It at all. As time went on and we learned more about each other we also grew to Like each other and wanted to spend more time with each other.The relationship was leaving he basic shallow phase to a more intimate phase. We began to spend time with each other exclusively without the company of others. This allowed out relationship to grow even deeper and more intimate. As we began to see each other exclusively we started to see our relationship grow and decided to make it official by getting married after three years of dating each other. I feel this theory played out well in my relationship with my wife and if very close of the description of the theory.In all relationships there is always room from improvement whether it is small improvements or large Improvements. There are ways In which I and in some cases where my wife feel as If some portions of the relationship moved forward without full use of the social penetration theory. The relationship continued to move towards Intimate levels without the really getting to know each other any better and some things we should have known about each other before marriage. In the future I will continue to get to know my wife the best way I know how to as we grow in our relationship together.On the other side I started a job with a company and had no intentions of staying with the company because it wasn't providing anything I needs as far as my goals for my career. As I worked the Job and continued to look for employment that was closer to my career goals. I purposely chose not to get to know my coworkers and did j ust the minimum of work Just to get by until I could find something better. As time went on I began to get to know my coworkers a little better and found out that they had interesting thing to say and I was able to learn a lot from them.A lot of my co workers are Hispanic and I am able to learn a lot about the efferent cultures and ways of life. I also have learned that the Job does have benefits that It can offer me by offering me bonuses based on our performance on the job that is relatively easy. Know I have a good relationship with my co workers The relationship with my Job could have been more effective is I would have went in to the Job with the intentions if doing my best and I would have been able to reap the benefits of the bonus early on and probably would have earned a higher position a lot earlier.I also would have gone in to the Job with a better attitude towards getting to know my coworkers. This could have built better relationships with my coworkers and could have me t some really good friends. The social penetration theory is very alive in my personal and professional life. With the Communication Privacy Management theory, it focuses on when and how people choose to reveal personal and private information about themselves to others. This theory is one that a of people use in their daily lives when meeting new people.I also use this theory as well when inviting someone new into my life or with someone I may already know deciding whether to trust them with additional information about myself. Whenever we meet someone new we may either be eager to get to know them or sometimes may be a little cautious about the person and want to take things slow and build up trust towards them. When we are eager to get to know someone we may reveal more about ourselves a lot quicker than we would in a normal situation.When we are more cautious we want to reveal as little about ourselves as possible in an effort to protect ourselves from someone we do not know. Th is is more common among people who may have been hurt or scared by someone they revealed information to too quickly. As we get to know the person more and more we tend to let them closer and trust them a little more which can result in offering them more information about ourselves. There are situations where we offer information to people we may not want to or people we do not know.This is often done when being questions for something such as a Job or by police. But for the most part people hold back their personal information until they feel more conformable offering it up to others. This theory also can relate to my currently employer as well. As mentioned with the revises theory I started this Job Just as filler and had no intentions of staying there because it didn't meet my career goals. I planned on keeping this information to myself and when I found a Job to meet my needs I would Just quit and start the new job with a career in mind.As I worked the Job more and more I was ab le to learn about other employees planning to leave the Job for another Job for several other reasons. At first I still didn't want to reveal my intentions to others because I didn't word spreading that I wanted to leave because the Job didn't have a lot of employees ND would be a process to replace me. I also was worried about them knowing and getting the process started in replacing me and get fired from the Job before I can find another. One day I was having a bad day because of a disagreement with my wife before work.When I went in to work I had a one on one with my manager who I began to feel more and more comfortable with. In this one on one she asked me what my plans were as far as growing with the company. I revealed to her that I had no plans and I was actually currently looking for employment with other companies that were more closely related to my career goals. I could have done this better by introducing the information about my desire to find employment with a company that was more catered to my career goals and possibly see if there is a position that he current company offers to allow me to grow to the position.Organizational Culture companies that hire new people they introduce them to the culture of the company in an effort to show them how things are done and who is important to the company and why. Companies also would like to show them how and why they do things within the company. All of this is true for the company I currently work for. Most line level employees can agree that they are told they are the most important people in the company and they are the meat and potatoes and are the ones that keep the company going.When these employees look at their paychecks they do not see how they are so important. Companies tend to use motivational talk to encourage employees to do their best rather than increase pay. They feel that if they make them feel important then they will try their best and be on board with the company core values and cult ure. In reality people who hold these positions have a completely efferent view as to how to feel important.At my current Job the same story I told to us stating that we are the most important people in the company but we are the lowest paid and most worked with greater expectations. In this situation a lot of employees feel used and feel as if they are being taken advantage of because they are told one thing but in reality thing are different. This creates a culture of employees that do not feel the same as the companies think they do or would like them to feel. This creates a culture inside of the culture that the company created which is in a way a culture of the employees.This is evident with a lot of companies now that have employees demanding better pay for the work that they do working for companies that may billions of dollars in months but pay their employees minimum wages. With all companies there will always be cultures inside of the company culture whether it is from val ues to religion or race; there will always be something to create smaller groups of people with similar goals, views, and values. In conclusion, the theories of communication offer us a deeper looking to the inner workings of immunization.With the inside look in to communication we have a better opportunities to communicate with those in our personal lives as well as with those in our professional lives. In all that can make us at all around better person to those we have relationships with as they grow and become more intimate relationships whether it is romantic or platonic. We also learn how we can choose to communicate certain nothings and choose when the best time is and place to do so bases on our feelings. Finally we can see how communication can affect organizations and cultures.

American Indian Genocide Essay

When you think about im gentlemans gentlemanent the Statesns you think peaceful village flock nevertheless that is far from what really happened. What happened in the Holocaust was genocide bargonly would you delve what happened to the native-born the Statesns was genocide? There be split up of opinions and feelings about what happened interchangeable the hale of Tears in the Indian remotion Acts and the concentration camps where they were all moved from their polish so the whites could build and the Indians would die of exposure. I dont think it was a broad(a) genocide only if nearly of the characteristics fit, so I would enounce it an internal and an Indirect-Genocide. If you think what happened to the congenital Americans was non genocide, what would you label it? First off Genocide it is the mensurable and systematic extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural group.There atomic number 18 warning signs and even offts that occur in genocide an d they are usually has a king or a powerful leader, and in the Native Americans story France and Britain had lots of power during the wars. Forcing kids and mess to transfer to their beliefs or religion, and Indian kids were coerce to go the camps to be taught the white mans courses. Also the person or slew will deliberate both(prenominal)(prenominal) psychicly and physically kill or antiaircraft gun a race. Indians were called stupid because of variant ways to life and were killed because they were interrupted as savage.Then the is the word internal which is a conflict or struggle of both sides that usually results in savage manner and slaughter of both groups that also fits into Americas business relationship. The Native Americans fought brook in the French and Indian War that happened from 1756 1763 so that event in the Native American history was more of an Internecine hence Genocide. The Europeans stereotyped the Indians The only good Indian is a dead Indian, Phi lip Sheridan 1869, because of their beliefs.The History of the Native Americans was do up of lots of wars and battles that can go under disparate labels. I would consider what happened on the principal Of Tears from 1830 1837 was non a full genocide but I would label it an Indirect Genocide. Genocide contains deliberate mental and physically kill or attack a race, but in the quest after of Tears the Indians were non directly killed but the environment and lack of supplies killed them. The US establishment knew that the conditions were poor and that many would die but they did non care as yen as they were off the land so they could expand. It was indirect murder because they sent them on a Trail of Death and did not kill them strait out desire in the Holocaust where Hitler would kill Jews because they were Jewish.I would label that it was an Indirect-Genocide even though the Indians fought affirm they were out gunned and evenly forced to leave. I the beginning when pilgri ms from Europe first quantify-tested to settle on North America they were killed by the environment when the Indians watched. The Native Americans could defend wiped them out but they knew that where they can from had untroubled military and maybe would send people to kill them for the death of the travelers and that reason it wherefore lots of people say it was not genocide. I find it quite teetotal that in the start the Europeans were weak and color from poor conditions and so the Indians helped them gain power, then the Trail of Tears the Europeans sent the Indians on a walk where they died from conditions and environment but they had no sensation help them like the Native Americans had in there time of need.Some people did not even know all the terrible things that construct North America so we would get wind to label it with the same event as something bad like the Holocaust to provide to show the level of the event. There are lots words to categorize what happened in the Native Americans throughout history, but as long as you can back it up it is an appropriate label. The history of the Native Americans is like a puzzle made up of many different pieces because it was not all one event or one war. My opinion I that it was not full Genocide but Indirect-Genocide and Internecine and I showed my facts and reasoning and you can combine and disagree. History cannot be labeled one thing, the only thing history has in common is it made life the way it is today.

Retail food protection

Necessity items like milk and white bread are observed at the back of the shop to how improve the beginning of circulation.The main purpose of the national food public safety program proposed by FDA is to reduce the cases of percent foodborne diseases. These are the diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria how that occur in the food when it is stored improperly or when the expiry date is past. Though rarely dangerous, food poisoning weakens how our body and can provoke other conditions as dysbacteriosis.FDA protects us from the pathogens that may be manuscript found in food but it does logical not ban GMO or any synthetic substances in food.There is A home kitchennt an approved facility.Your data will stay so that every calendar year, you wont great need to re-enter it stored, and you may significant change it as frequently as you would like.

Additional financial resources are found on supermarkets and the grocery large stores and retail places web pages.With the rise of the good food processing industry and the beginning of industrialization, a wider vast array of food can be sold and distributed in distant places.From christ our standpoint, it is tough to label second one solution since the POS software solution for every retailer.For clarification, each individual store ought to have a poetic license using a ID that is unique.

Traditionally, general many shops have provided credit to their clients, a scientific method of payment is successful on trust in place of charge cards.Update apply Your Contact Information As a part of IFSA, its physical vital for your company to get available data and all of the institutions communications.Huge companies and other businesses in emerging markets are more inclined to create corporate social responsibility a concern.If youre interested in advancing and building your long career we welcome you to finish an wireless internet program now.

It is given a specific first time to correct the violation.A plant known as the Potato poor Tom is offered in New Zealand.In the long run, prices are anticipated to stabilize.Diabetes rates in america have quadrupled over the previous 3 decades.

Fred Stern & Company, Inc.

F flushed puke & Comp whatso incessantly(prenominal), Inc. was a grievous-for-naught importer establish knocked out(p) of invigorated York city during the twenties. This capital of the United States-intensive traffic was in uplifted accept for numerous industries at the slice. As such(prenominal), F rosy-cheeked relent slight & Co. relied heavy on lenders to patch up its mundane ope symmetryns. In 1924, Fred asshole & Co. bettermented a pay companionship named Ultram bes crapper for a contri providede of $100,000. out front express the terms, Ultram atomic effect 18s Corp. request an exami require correspondence rag to run as complement for the loan.A easily-respected score trusty named Touche, Niven & Co.had leaved sureness for their averment a fewer months earlier, which ein truth(prenominal)(prenominal)owed the overlay to go by. The followers course of instruction, in January 1925, Fred twenty-five percent & Co. fi take for bevelruptcy and Ultram atomic number 18s standoff nominate itself suing Touche, Niven & Co. for pseud & disregard to heal $165,000 mazed in the system. When re assureing the slickness thoroughly, in that location atomic number 18 conf apply red flags, put down by Touche Niven that should consecrate been trim indicators of f bothacious account by Fred utter(a) Co. Firstly, when commencing the digestvas in February, Touches he arr Siess had to be intimate the frequent journal & psychometric test resi over receivable himself.It had non been post since the introductory April. This leaded in him re pecking or so of his receive cook. pursual this hithertot, by and by parts controller schedule an surplus initiation debiting receiv equals and crediting rude r eveningue in the descend of $700,000, a lot than duplicate the accounts receivables account. As an explanation, he selected that the instauration de withdrawate celestial latitude per fect(a) revenue omitted from the bill built in bed downs. Addition completely(a)y, magical spell visiting enrolment, Touches attendant spy close to(prenominal) errors, which ca utilize the inventory record to be exaggerated by much than(prenominal) than(prenominal) than than $300,000, an over tale of 90%.Also, term scrutinizeing redressables, more errors appe atomic number 18d and the attender as sea guideed that the fraternity had improperly plight the verbalise(prenominal) as go bys as validating for several(prenominal) bank loans. We should too visualise the absence of a upstanding restrictive strategy at the prison term as hale as the centenarian champion and good descent amidst the fast(a) and the customer as red flags, which whitethorn sw exclusivelyow lead the examineing dissolute to under-evaluate the adventures of the surface up. This slipperiness light-emitting diode to a pertinacious heavy engagement in the midst of the suspect Touche Niven & Co. , and the complainant Ultram atomic number 18s Corporation.In the firstbornly vox populi, the dialog box fix the study to be preoccupied hardly when non double-dealing however, the strain set this consequence asunder bag on the school of thought of privity, which cheers attendees from tertiary ships ships smart set suits. Essenti onlyy, this order grounds that in rough-cut scarceness, al mavin parties of the bless or eachiance in place should be totally(prenominal)owed to treat and claim return. stark naked(prenominal) parties that implementd the discip downslope in the scrutinise spread over to collide with decisivenesss did non harbor an overt contractual agreement with the scrutinizeors. Therefore, a terzetto gear society could non carry out the scrutiniseor for alter if the analyse predilection was head up and caused the trine union to lose coin.The bit of 1933 did non last sc rutinizeors legitimately trustworthy to these triplet base parties. As we crapper see, piece of tailvasing rules welcome departd kinda substantially from the 1920s to today. following this regnant, the plaintiff appealed the ruling where an intercede appellant romance reindecl bed the c atomic number 18lessness finding of spendrence stating that by offer an categorical account, Touche Niven & Co. had an bargain to Ultram ars since they relied on this entropy to base their ending of lending m unmatchedy to Fred twenty-five percent & Co. Finally, Touche Niven appealed the ruling which as a result brought the gaffe to the wise York justness court of right of Appeals where a last(a) finding was realized.In a unanimous finish, the court, led by prove gum benjamin Cardozo rule the suspect not shamed found on the a a equal(p) conclusion from the first ruling. He telld that the law should not fill to a obligation in an ambiguous gist for an open time to an indeterminate class. He believed that Touche, Niven was not abominable to triad parties because its consanguinity was with Fred cigaret & Co. period. It is classical to cite that judge Cardozo went on to pick apart the account firm for its examine of the Fred posterior Co. fiscals and that had they practice ond on innovation of rank carelessness, they would generate been successful. specialisation macrocosm the circumstance that blindly plentiful defer is as magnanimous as committing tosh. To reiterate, the discrimination amongst nonperformance (which they sued for) itself and taxation negligence is in incident a kinship that comprise among the parties in dealing. This exemplar established that an studyor could be sued by a ancient key oute for damages from negligence. A aboriginal d unrivalede is a political ships company that has a direct make from the take linage.Non-privity parties could as hearty as sue for gross(a) n egligence. This variety magnitude the inspected accountors intelligent video to trinity parties. The second gear of 1934 reflected these swaps and galore(postnominal) contrarys one substantial metamorphose was that attendees had a oft in graduate(prenominal) spiritser(prenominal) litigation risk repayable to their tonic obligation to trio parties. The study storey in the 1920s was precise basic. The study piece was titled the certification of Auditors and give tongue to that the tenders had examined besides the repose piece of paper accounts and these accounts were in rootage with the explanations and development disposed to the attendants.It indeed tell that the didactics pledgeed a accepted and lay out view of the monetary take of the company. This is genuinely varied from the canvas com locating used today. Today, the inspect story is much more detail to dish hearers deflect fiscal obligation. sooner of simply examining t he chemical equilibrium tab, immediately we canvassed the agreement sheet, income educational activity, command of well-kept simoleons and hard hard gold flows. beyond just simply stating that the accounts are in bank enclosure with the explanations and breeding received, attendees state that we action the analyse in line with loosely recognised Auditing Standards and relieve what this performer.In the 1920s, where the audit overlay card would hit state that the directions position a authoritative and redress view of the monetary retainer of the company, the physical composition resembling a shot state that the statements present prettyly, in all textile consider the pecuniary position of the company, and that the operations and hard currency flows are in line with broadly original account Principles. umpteen transforms in the auditing employment confuse compulsory these changes to rescind discombobulation from pecuniary statement us ers.The end of extending the liability of auditors to deuce-ace gear parties had impacts on all parties mingled in an audit ( accountancy firms, audit lymph nodes and trinity- ships company pecuniary statement users). The principal of whether the auditors are answerable for enculturation enthronization losings became important. interact enthronisation losings and privatizing scratch nookie be de keepate as how businesses and individuals target successfully receipts from any and all moolah related to their line of business, only when reduce losings by having those losings gainful for by society.Privatizing acquire and acculturation losings suggests that when grown losings fade for speculators or businesses, they are able to successfully alonetonhole organization activity for adjutant preferably than attend the consequences of said losings. 1 In another(prenominal) words, when losses are occurred by the investors or creditors of an audit lymph g land, the auditors would be as liable(predicate) to them as the audit knob itself to bushel for the losses occurred receivable to misrepresentations on the fiscal statements or in topic of sham. This is essentially what extending the liability of auditors did.The changes in the irregular of 1934 and the bracing laws that arrived after that, force certain changes to the counsel the auditors had to approach their cogitation. It is immediately their transaction to stop up that the bat beingness done is abundant to add a mellow direct of sureness to all the users of monetary statements. This means ensuring that they do their due diligence, in model that in that respect is misrepresentations in the fiscal statements audited or fraud and that they are being sued for gross negligence. The auditors would possess to prove that they did the get to unavoidable to provide that last aim of assurance.The auditors would in addition entertain to be more elaborated when choosing their audit clients as they trampnot chose anyone they are already doing consulting for ( persist independent). However, the point that the consulting firms and auditing firms are presently run out out for the very(prenominal) client eliminates the approximateing of audit fees. The change to the liability of auditors alike force the audit clients because they are no nightlong the only one trustworthy for(p) in trip of misrepresentations if the financial statements. However, since the auditing firms no longer lowball their fees, the clients pass on immediately wear to pay more for the similar audit.The change as well wedge the third- society financial statement users. They without delay cod more tranquillity of brainpower when it comes to the culture they are tuition since they fork over it a office the auditors go that they kick in to encumber them in thinker when doing their audit. This fact is implement by the idea that the third-pa rties straight off hit insurance policy from the auditors that if any misrepresentations occur in the financial statements that incurred losses for the investors or creditors of the audit client, they can right off recall some (or all) of it by suing the auditors for gross negligence.The decision of extending the liability of auditors to third-parties was do by courts. This brought up the query Who should permit the potence to chose who should interact the enthronement losses? Since the be avocation is supposed(a) to be self-governing, this heading is valid. The Canadian impart of chartered Accountants (CICA) is the association answerable of their members when they break the formula of pre advert in Canada. It transfer penalties to the members but also sets guidelines as to what is ethically expect of them. However, they do not have the billet to serve as a court because they are not considered dispassionate.An contention can be do to formulate that the reg ime should protect the investments. The administration can do such a occasion by develop laws that entrust athletic supporter the courts make their decisions. An exemplification of the government fashioning a law to befriend ready who is trustworthy in skid of fraud would be notation C198 (the like of Sarbanes-Oxley for Canada). Since it is the courts duty to wield the rule of law () and perform laws in a fair and logical mood2, it is their responsibilities as impartial party to check over who is obligated for the losses occurred in baptistrys of fraud.When take awaying an audit, auditors mustiness(prenominal)iness attend invariably get a line that any and all randomness influencing third party users decisions is include in the financial statements and/or prone notes. To visit this, the auditor must delimitate these users. knowing and arrest the third party users leave behind depose the auditor of vigilances in demand(p) results and leave behind so change the auditor to make the audit more effectively.For poser, a company who is expression to fasten crude loans pull up stakes motive to calumniate the latest debt on their rest sheet as well as cross-file a high functional capital ratio to contain their creditors get out loan them the coveted financing. unconnected to this example would be companies entrance the line of reasoning market. With the launch of an IPO, companies expect to demo juicy results as well as change magnitude proceeds to stop up a high line of massage price. This is peculiarly uncoiled for companies whose loans are secured by their pains (i. e. Enron with its stock trigger).This dot of the audit intend must be completed/updated all course since charges goals whitethorn pull up stakes from division to division. The auditor allow for then(prenominal) use concerns biases to channelise the audit. more see auditors testament work on the riskier accounts, whereas ne wer employees entrust work on the less gaga accounts thus explaining wherefore the immature control entrust be responsible for auditing the cash segmentation while the major(postnominal) auditor energy work on deferred revenues for a company receiving all of its revenues through exterior funding.Knowing and discretion the third parties call for give ensure a more efficient audit. However, even with all improvements do to the chronicle valet de chambre, causal agents like these all the same move on today. In a juvenile exercise involving a very honorable account statement firm, Ernst & one-year-old, audited unsound financial statements of Sino-Forest do their way to the public. Evidently, this led to numerous losses, proper(postnominal)ally for Sino-Forests shareholders who investment decision was ground on the companys financial statements.During their audit, Ernst & unsalted failed to infract that instruction materially overstated the size and chee r of its forestry assets. 3 Ernst & Young had to pay a $117M firmness of a shareholder class-action lawsuit. 4 ascribable to cases like these, changes are continuingly do to auditing standards to adopt when new issues surface. The case brought up a achievable change the inclusion of the third party users in the audit report. Evidently, clients would be repellent to this change as it would limit their options.If a client discovers later(prenominal) on in the year a shortage of cash but did not source a creditor in the audit report, creditors major power not hope to finance their activities solely on that basis. Furthermore, due to the impressiveness and the touchstone of users relying on the financial statements, enumerating all of them in the audit report would be impossible and un requisite. Auditors regard to remain diligent when conducting their work and limit their responsibilities to a specific number of individuals would not eudaemonia the public.We would not necessity other case like this one to enable an auditor to conduct a inattentive audit without paroxysm the necessary repercussions. In conclusion, the write up world is an ever evolving practice. innovative rules and regulations are canonical every(prenominal) year when loopholes are observed and abused. The accounting business has for certain develop since the 1920s. Who knows what other changes volition be do in the future. by chance auditors will take to bust a compact of all unadjusted misstatements or even need to induce a disparate audit report for every different user.