Second Language Acquisition Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Second Language Acquisition - Assignment Example   The RANGE programs are used for the analysis of word frequencies at each vocabulary level. Among the useful functions that the program will be used for include the determination of vocabulary size, creation of wordlists, and the measurement of vocabulary load. Based on the usability and applicability of the RANGE program, it is suitable for teachers to use the output to determine vocabulary load and influence the preparation of suitable text for classwork. Additionally, based on BNC, 90% is text and 10% is spoken text as Nation (2006) puts it. The standard measures of the BNC include 14000 words whereas 16 wordlists are created. The 16word lists are set of 1000-word lists generated for 16 levels. Under each word list of 1000, the consecutive wordlist adds up to the next. Thus, at the first wordlist, 1000 words are considered while at the 5th wordlist, 5000 words are considered. In this analysis, range analysis will be taken into consideration to show how comprehensively appropria te the text is in the teaching of L2.   The nation is referenced arguing that any text should be 98% comprehendible by students given 8000 to 9000-word families. With reference to Laufer’s (2010) argument, on the other hand, indicates that a 95% coverage in written text should be treated as the standard comprehension level. Based on the two arguments from Laufer and Nation, the current Range Analysis will consider the 95% coverage recommendation by Laufer to ensure that the current text can be understood up to 95% by the students.  

Toyota Motor Company Marketing Plan Research Paper

Toyota Motor Company Marketing Plan - Research Paper Example January 2013: After the budget has been identified and team research tasks have been allocated, the teams will conduct their research and compile reports for top management and for marketing decisions and product management and decisions. At this point the planning stage begins. As Moorman and Miner (1998) inform, a marketing strategy beings with a â€Å"careful review of environmental and firm information† which is then followed by planning (p. 1). At this point all of the necessary research would have been completed and the budget identified for execution of the launch of the product. The month of January 2013 will therefore be set aside for planning marketing, production/manufacturing, promotion and distribution strategies and time tables will be established for each process. Teams will be formed for managing and putting these strategies into action. February 2013: At this stage, Toyota will have to appoint a design and mechanic team who will design and plan the mechanics o f the super car respectively. The design team will plan and design the physical architecture of the car. The mechanic team will plan the engine and other mechanical functions of the car. At this point the design and engineering/mechanic teams will also have information from technological experts informed by research and development as to the desired specifications for the super car. Technological, mechanical knowledge and knowledge of all the specifications that appeal to super car enthusiast will go into the design and mechanics of the new Toyota super car. After all when Ferrari Maserati Group launched its new Maserati MC in 2004, it was Ferrari’s knowledge in the construction of super cars and its knowledge of Formula 1 technology that drove the design and mechanics of the Maserati MC (Arema, 2010). March 2013: The finished vehicle will have to be tested for durability, safety, efficiency, speed and generally whether or not the super car is fit for purpose (Weitz & Wensley , 2002). Obviously, if there are any defects in the product design, those defects will have to be rectified. Thus the month of March is set aside for identifying any defects and rectifying defects and otherwise ascertain whether or not the design, style and performance of the super car can be improved before putting the car on the market. April 2013: Once a model is satisfactorily built, the marketing team will likely decide that they would like to test the market. This is usually the case with the launching of a new automobile (Weitz & Wensley, 2002). Thus the marketing team will be required to know, what needs to be done in order to sell the new super car. Thus an estimation of the funds and other resources needed for advertising, creating incentives for dealers, and promotions generally. Although, a research was conducted in the initial stages, this research was done in advance of an actual car. Now that a car has been designed and it is ready to be launched the promotional and m arketing aspects can be planned more specifically. It will be necessary to know how many cars will be produced with specific features such as mapping, colors, sound systems, etc. Toyota might want to conduct a search of global markets to determine compatibility of features to specific markets (Wietz & Wensley, 2002

The Gender Wage Gap in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Gender Wage Gap in America - Essay Example Your thesis gives the first premise, the second premise is appropriately missing, and the conclusion is well stated. I, however, cannot find disagreement in your thesis and I think you should have how all Americans will benefit from the bridging of the gender wage gap. I agree with your rebuttals that women are still the primary caregivers and tend to take more flexible jobs and that women tend to make occupational choices differently from men (2). I, however, must add that the issue of occupational choices is caused by socialization. Most women are socialized to believe that they cannot handle tough jobs which are a preserve for the males. Accordingly, such women choose to pursue less demanding jobs, which equally have lower pay. The essay should be more accommodative to readers that may view this issue differently. You should lay more emphasis on how gender-based discrimination in wages affects every American whether male or female. You need to let the men know that you’re n ot blaming them for the issue, but the system instead. You should not make them feel responsible for the plight of women in terms of poor wages. I appreciate that you have used various sentence structures. There are simple, compound, and complex sentences in the essay. Your ideas are flowing nicely. I, however think you should have addressed the issues that have led to gender-based wages in consecutive paragraphs without introducing the idea of racially discriminative wages. The essay should be more accommodative to readers.

Patient Satisfaction Compared in 5 Rural and 5 Urban Hospitals in Research Paper

Patient Satisfaction Compared in 5 Rural and 5 Urban Hospitals in Illinois - Research Paper Example Majority concentrates on delivery of primary health care services. As portrayed by recent research, most rural patients’ by-pass rural hospitals to seek medical attention from urban- based hospitals. Due to under utilization of rural hospitals, these hospitals continue facing financial challenges due to reduced occupancy rates and declining government assistance (Dent & Haslam, 2006). The issue of lower occupancy rates has substantially increased costs, hindering efforts to introduce new services and technology. As such, the rural population continue to raise alarm of limited access to quality health care while at the same time they under- utilize rural hospitals leading to their closure The survey conducted in regard to satisfaction derived by patients generally rated the quality of rural care lower than that of urban care. In the figure below, the study was centered on two samples each consisting five hospitals selected from both rural and urban settings. The study found tha t, most patients were satisfied with services rendered by urban hospitals than those offered by their rural counter parts. Many patients from the rural setting either expressed dissatisfaction or were not sure of the quality of local services. Graphs Fig 1.0 Patients response on level of service satisfaction at rural hospitals Source: UnitedHealth Group/Harris Interactive Survey of patient response to quality of services in rural hospitals, May 2011 Results From the research carried out, it was learnt that 15% were strongly satisfied, 33% satisfied, 9% were not sure, 28% dissatisfied while 15% were strongly dissatisfied. Patient’s response on level of service satisfaction at urban hospitals Source: UnitedHealth Group/Harris Interactive Survey of patient response to quality of services in urban hospitals, May 2011 Results From the research undertaken, it was learnt that 37% of all the patients examined were strongly satisfied, 47% satisfied, 5% was not sure, 9% was dissatisfie d while 2% expressed strong dissatisfaction. Discussion Patients perceive rural hospital care to be more personal as they can identify themselves with the caregivers. There may be a chance of caregivers to interact with their patients after discharge. Therefore, they tend to be more attentive and courteous in their job (Chern & Wan, 2000). On the other hand, the anonymity of urban areas endangers the staff attitude of â€Å"who cares,† â€Å"I’ll never see the patient again.† Patients may have lower expectations of rural hospitals when they know that they lack necessary technology or experience high patient to staff ratio. As such, they may evaluate their preferred care against a lower set of expectations. In rural setting, there could be lesser chances of error due to the simpler care processes and simple technology being in use. From the previous studies, it was established that patients discharged from teaching hospitals derived more satisfaction. More so, pa tients want to receive care from hospitals with cutting -edge care, physicians who are the best in their field or those using state of art technology. Perhaps, patients viewed Medicare derived from such modern urban hospitals to be worth the cost associated rather than being prodded and poked by trainees in institutions that train practitioners and conducts research. Patient’s hospital choice between the rural and urban was found to depend on the ability of the patient to evaluate available options and their

Hydrogen vehicles Essay Example for Free

Hydrogen vehicles Essay Introduction There are many debates that are advocating for a proper implementation of transport systems, involving greatly upgraded sea transport, conversion of freight industry away from the road network. It is therefore possible for a company to reduce greenhouse gas for the benefit of the environment, through the adaptation of these transport systems. The debates also advocates for the use of hydrogen fuelled cars. This kind of vehicles use hydrogen gas as their powering tool and is considered the safest to the environment. Hydrogen gas cars are said to be somehow expensive, and technologically complex but with great investments companies can be able to utilise them effectively and help reduce the greenhouse gases. Most automobile companies are beginning to use these types of cars with a vision of minimizing costs, especially given the fact that fuel prices are even getting more expensive. Since fuel prices are becoming part of the company’s concerns, there is a need for the companies to effectively seek to have their transport systems to become compliant with the policies in the motor industry sector. So far, hydrogen cars are therefore increasingly being sought after as a matter of commitment by the companies. Discussion The hydrogen is normally derived from the renewable or non- renewable sources, where it is thereafter used on a daily basis. its sources are best known to be solar, water, wind and nuclear powers, though it is found that many vehicles using hydrogen as their source of energy tend to be less polluting the environment than those using gasoline and diesel, this is because, the used hydrogen fuel cells has a less production of carbon dioxide than normal combustion engines. Hydrogen is understood as the lightest fuel that appears in a gaseous state, operated at an atmospheric pressure and an ambient temperature containing a low level of carbon gases such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, this gas is normally stored under a storage system which allows it to be stored as compressed hydrogen, liquid hydrogen in the materials such as the metal hydrides. The reason for this invention is that these vehicles are found to be producing no air pollutants, but instead they only emit heat. It is basically considered as an alternative fuel in vehicles due to its mode of creation that is, it can be made from a number of resources and its characteristics of allowing a clean-burning procedure. The production of this gas has been proposed to be carrying various advantages such as; enabling a stronger national energy security, it also brings about a reduction on the green house gas emissions thus allowing an improvement in the quality of the environmental air, and the other advantage is that of enhancing an increase in the energy efficiency in particular countries. In this case, we find that the United States had a record of 200 hydrogen powered vehicle as in the month of April 2007, these vehicles are based in California, they are normally those cars that run at a high speed, which have been said to be already running on the hydrogen fuel, this vehicles include buses, submarines aeroplanes and also rockets. Though this invention is not yet available in most motor markets, this invention is being established various vehicle fleets an example of this is that of the Honda which is widely known as a light duty vehicles. The United State is said to be concentrating on the invention of more hydrogen vehicles that are meant to cover the whole transport sector in the nation by bringing up more hydrogen refueling stations, this activity is conducted by Department of Energys FreedomCAR, Vehicle expertise and the (HFCIT) the Hydrogen, Fuel Cells, and Infrastructure Technologies Programs, which are said to have developed to be conducting supervision on the performance of the fuel cell vehicles and also sustaining the hydrogen transportation. Under this development we find that the State is trying hard to cut off its dependency on the oil from the Middle East whereby, we see that it has more plans to transform its oil system and start depending on the fuel resulting from hydrogen which carry advantage of not pollute the environment. According to research, it is reported that 95% of the transportation industry depends on hydrogen, under which 65% is used for transportation. Many scientists argue that this invention will take long before it is accepted by the transportation sector, but many companies are found to be investing in the hydrogen vehicle invention. An example is the Ford company which has come up with a plan of launching hybrid electric powered vehicles, this vehicles are meant to act as a solution to energy conservation that are therefore likely to be replaced by the hydrogen vehicles. Conclusion A lot has been said about the market of the hydrogen vehicles, many argue that this invention will take along time to be accepted in the market but we see that there are many governments and the motor industries, are for the idea of using the hydrogen fuel, whereby they have seen coming up with various programs which will implement the invention of these vehicles, thus overcoming the technical and cost barriers accruing in the invention. References Alex, L.(2000): Hydrogen Powers GMs Test Vehicle of the Future. Plain Dealer, p. 23 Daniel H. (2000): Iceland Warms Up to Hydrogen Fuel, the Detroit News, 10 Business p. 12-19 John, F. (2000): The Elements Hydrogen. Benchmark Books Publications Mark, D. U. (1995): The Story of Hydrogen, Grolier Publishing Inc. , p. 23-32 Vergragt, Ph. J. and Szejnwald Brown, H. (2007) Sustainable mobility: from Technological innovation to societal learning, Journal of Cleaner Production 15 (2007), pp. 1104 – 1115.

Qatar Airways Steps To Sustainability Environmental Sciences Essay

Qatar Airways Steps To Sustainability Environmental Sciences Essay Qatar Airways established in 1993 and started its operation in 20/01/1994. They have been awarded the worlds 5-star airline by SkyTrax. With numerous awards that have been awarded to them, they commit to give the best quality service to passenger both on air and ground. Qatar is one of the fastest growing airlines with more than 90 groups of aircraft to 100 destinations from Doha. Mission, Vision, goal: The companys mission, vision and goal: Excellence in everything we do. To be the worlds leading global carrier in the service industries and hospitality. Their goal is to be one of the worlds top high-ranking airlines in the world. A well written mission, gradually introduce the sense of direction towards the achievement of the companys to the staff and stakeholders. The corporate mission should clearly define the companys strategic aims. The market will have the influences on the corporate mission such as: an organization should adapt to both of its internal and the opportunities and threats in its external characteristics. The mission stated by Qatar Airways which focus on the companys competencies that generate value for its customers and stakeholders and have competitive advantage to provide synergy across its services or products. Aviation industries are subjected to harm the environment by the emissions of poisonous fumes such as carbon produced by the fuel to generate the airplane engine. Airplane uses specialized fuel to fly the plane. It is often contains additives to minimize the hazard conditions to suit weather, temperature (example: Snow) and to withstand pressure from explosion. Flight Statistics: Based on Year 2009 This statistics shows the summary of total aircraft, both commercial and cargo carriers. We will then find out the approximate amount of carbon emitted from these carriers. Carbon Emissions from transport: Land, Air, Sea (2007-2008) An estimation of 3.4 % of the global liquid consumption is used by commercial aviation. This industry consumes 3.0 million barrels of jet fuel every day. With the increase of new aircrafts of 21,400 units, fuel consumption will increase drastically, not considering a future fleet of 27, 5720 passenger aircrafts and 4,280 freight aircrafts. It is imperative to use a cleaner fuel to curb down CO2 emissions. Graph: Global Warming: Climate change is a threat and should not be taken lightly. Businesses may be disrupted, due to climate change. Organizations should focus on possible threats and risks pertaining to the climate change such as: change in weather, fines and taxes from regulatory bodies and the stakeholders opinion will be affect the business flows. Companies should come up with well strategic plan that highlights threats and convert risks into potential business opportunity that will allow them to survive in the coming storm. Bad Weather Ahead: Businesses that cater to tourists faced major challenge and worries when occurrences of bad weather conditions like storms, hailstones could damage the aircraft and very risky to fly the plane. Companys deals with air transport for both commercial and air freight are mostly affected. Their assets are dependent on the climate; they need to find ways to control the risks. Climate of Public Opinion: Companies have to earn public trusts by announcing their intention on reducing the carbon emission that they produce. Companies that announcing publicly to go green will receive attractive dividends as the intensity and level of public interest increase to deal with the climate change. Shareholders need to focus and self-remind about the effects of the climate change will leave an impact to the business through various aspects such as: companies business strategies, assets values and investments. In order to have a long-term approach to manage the effects of the change of climate is to have the best representatives that have the extensive knowledge to represent the companies in creating advantages to the business. Greenhouse Effects: Explanations of Stakeholders: relating to CSR Stakeholders: QATAR: Alternative Fuels Oryx Logo Qatar uses sustainable biofuels that contains gas to liquids kerosene. Collaborations with Shell, Qatar Petroleum, Rolls Royce, Qatar Science and technology Park, Airbus and Woqod to provide cleaner fuel to reduce the impact on the earth. First airline implement the fuel efficiency program in 2007. Qatar find ways to minimize their aircraft routines such as: efficient flight routes, aircraft weight reduction, various procedures of landing and taking off etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ in order to reduce the consumption of fuels and carbons emitted. Qatar will be able to meet the requirements of European Union Emissions Trading Scheme which focus on reducing carbon emissions. Qatar aims to provide sustainable place for the future generations. Sustainable Aviation Users Group on developing sustainable fuel: To be eligible for membership, group members must subscribe to sustainability criteria that stipulate the following: Plant growth, harvesting, processing, and end-use which emit total lifecycle greenhouse gases should be minimized and controlled significantly as compared to jet fuels based from fossil fuels. Development projects should include providing and improving the socio-economic conditions for small scale farmers who rely on agriculture for survivability of their families and themselves and that do not require the involuntary displacement of local populations. The natural environment such as high conservation value areas and native eco-systems should be maintained and not be cleared and converted for jet fuel plant source development. Video Presentation: Aviation Environment Summit, 2010 (Click to see: Video attached) Paul Steele, Executive Director of the Air Transport Action Group, presents aviation industries towards reducing carbon emissions. This presentation was held at Aviation Environment Summit, 2010, in Geneva, Switzerland. In this video, it states the mission, vision and objectives of the aviation industries in terms of reducing the carbon emissions that the industries produce. There are several analyses that show their forecasts on achieving towards the sustainable fuels. In the 3rd Aviation summit, the presentation shows ways to commit to deal with the climate change. The current presentation on 2010 shows clear layout to reach the targeted goals. In the video it also includes carbon emissions statistics, what the industries targets the next 40 years and etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The global targets in 2010 to increase 1.5% of fuel efficiency per annum and to grow carbon neutral in 2050, for year 2020, to develop and grow the industries and 2050 the maximum target of 50% reduction of carbon emissions based on 2005. Every role in the aviation industries, are very important and crucial as they should work towards reaching the goals in growing the carbon neutral in terms of developing technology and sustainable fuels. Reasons to why organizations should go green: One of the major reasons to why companys going green is to promote responsibility and be a good citizen. This could gain the trusts of the regulatory bodies, communities and other internal and external stakeholders. Companys main business activities that incorporated with the environment will tend to gain by increase in market shares. Caring for the environment will reduce and prevent pollution, focusing on the 3R Reduce, Reuse and Recycle waste materials. By instilling Go Green values in the company, it will help to attract potential customers with similar values which will lead in creating good community relationships and to raise the chances for business to grow. The major challenged that businesses faced in this 21st century: climate constantly change, pollution, depletion of natural resources, poverty and inequality. Environmental Impacts and Values: Environmental Impacts: Organizations are emphasizing that they should go green and start caring for the earth. They chose to be greener as they truly understand the harm that they caused to the environment. Trying their very best to stop producing products that could actually harm the environment like: cancer-causing substances or pollute the natural habitats of the living things. Environmental Values: These groups of Organizations go green as they believed that they should not harm the environment and to protect the living things as they deserve the every rights to live and grow. The companies might also decide to stop their production from producing harmful products that might affect their employees, customers and the end users. Government Regulations: Government might come up with rule and regulations to stop organizations to further destroy the environment. Companies that go green will have the advantages of avoiding the penalties that might be imposed to those who against them. Increase in market share and profits could lead them towards a start on developing greener technology that might be fully sponsor or subsidize. Fines or lost in market share might be the result in not being part of it. Economic Opportunities and Disincentives: Some Organizations go green because they wanted to portray a good image for their stakeholders and gain competitive advantage in promoting their new green products. Being green can also avoid the financial issues: fines, penalties that impose to the company. Advantage/ Disadvantage: There are several advantages to companies going green. For an example: those companies that focus on being green will benefits from the advantages given such as, they may be able to meet the demands of the consumer that are very particular on buying a product that is not harmful to the environment. Companies can gain reputations by being a brand image for producing green products and reduce their liability risks by using environmental friendly products during the production and be responsible towards the environment in their business practices. Companies will increase their chances for getting investments from financial institutions if they are one of the companies that are listed under Socially responsible investing. Stakeholders will be more interested in involving themselves in a company that are ethical in running their businesses. Businesses that combined their environmental issues and business activities together tend to gain more market share, save their production costs through resource efficiency, prevent pollution, pay lower insurance premiums, and recycle and reuse waste materials. Retaining the staff similar values by having high workplace standards and engendering loyalty, maintaining a strong competitive edge, creating good community relations and can develop new business relationships with others that also go green like: suppliers, distributor , partnerships. Companies that did not practices environmental issues to their business activities, they might lose out lists of advantages. Companies might lose their stakeholders trust and loyalty; ruin their own reputation, degrade the health of their own staff and also substantial amount for the penalties. Both the benefits of going green and bring harm to the environment have to observe the rules imposed respectively such as Positive incentives and negatives incentives. Major Challenge to sustainability: Pollution Depletion Poverty Developed Economies Greenhouse gases Use of toxic materials Contaminated Sites Scarcity of materials Insufficient reuse and recycling Urban and minority unemployment Emerging Economies Industrial Emissions Contaminated Water Lack of sewage treatment Overexploitation of renewable resources Overuse of water for irrigation and other purposes Migration to cities Lack of skilled workers Income inequality Survival Economies Dung and wood burning Lack of sanitation Ecosystem destruction due to development Deforestation Overgrazing Soil loss Population growth Low status of women dislocation

What Is Operations Research Essay -- essays research papers

This is an Engineering Research Paper. What is operations research? Operations research is the application of the methods of science to complex problems arising in the direction and management of large systems of men, machines material, and money in industry, business, government and defense. The distinctive approach is to develop a scientific model of the system, incorporating measurements of factors such as chance and risk, with which to predict and compare the outcomes of alternative decisions, strategies or controls. The purpose is to help management determine its policy and actions scientifically. (Ravindran, Phillips and Solberg 1987). How does operations research apply to highway systems inefficiency? Let’s find out! â€Å"Automakers don’t build roads and governments don’t build autos, yet we expect cars and roads to mesh together seamlessly to form a transportation network.† For year’s automakers and regional transportation planners have been working to put information age technology to work solving traffic problems. All over the world people are choosing to travel by automobile because this flexible mode of travel best meets their needs. But grid locked expressways threaten to take the â€Å"mobile† out of â€Å"automobile.† This presentation will try to show reasons why our expressways are so congested, what the Federal Highway Administration proposals are to alleviate congestion and the advantages and disadvantages of these proposals under review. Firstly what are some of the causes of urban highway congestion? Rush hour traffic is one of the leading contributors of highway congestion. It isn’t our imagination. Every year commute times to work take longer and longer. Since 1986 car travel has increased almost 40%, while highway capacity has barley grown. As a result most major interstate routes in Metropolitan areas are jammed during rush hours. Grid locked cost Americans almost the equivalent of $51 billion a year in lost wages and wasted fuel. And the situation is only going to get worse. (Steisand, Betsy. 1996). What causes rush hour traffic? Simply put, at specific times of the day be it in the morning or evening motorists in general are either on their way to work or home. There is such a glut of vehicles on the expressways at this time. They all need to get to their destinations at peak times of the day. It is a simple equation: Too many cars incorp... ...napp. Crain’s Chicago Business. , v 22 no2 (Jan. 11 ’99) p. 13. (4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Moving forward smartly: The role of ITS in the NEXTEA† by: Jeff, Lindley. Public Roads. , Wntr 1997, v60 n3 p57(4). (5)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Message in a bottleneck: It’s time to start charging rush hour commuters† by: Betsy, Steisand. U.S News and World Report; Dec 30 1996, v121, n26, p47(2). (6)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Fighting road rage† by: William B. Cassidy. Traffic World,v. 251 (Aug. 11 ’97) p. 31. (7)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"For Florida a second chance† by: William C. Vantuono. Railway Age. , v. 196 (Apr. ’95) p. 59-60. (8)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Actual hands-off steering- and other wonders of the modern world† by: Bob, Bryant. Public Roads; Nov-Dec 1997, v61, n3, p32(6). (9)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"91 Express ways do not work well† by: Mackprang, Peter and Harry, Parker. American City and County. , v. 114 no12 (Oct. 1999)p. 6. (10)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Operational models and traffic control in intelligent vehicle systems† by; Zhang, L. Transportation Research PartA: Policy and Practice; (Jan 1997), v31, n1, p64.